I breed for talents a lot, and here's what I "discovered" I guess.
My female had 11 talents and I usually breed her to very high talent males (50ish). Sometimes I get pups with many talents(20-30) and other times I get pups with none. I don't think there is a formula or anything, just random chance(but a better chance, the more talents).
As for the "talents in common" , I've never really looked into that before.
When selling, i take every factor into consideration. If it's rare, a hero, many talents, etc. There's no formula for pricing wolves to sell, just what you think.
I like to go to the trading post and look for wolves with similar aspects to the one I'm selling and price it around that. Then post an advertisement in sales chat, listing some good things about the wolf.
I hope this helps a little :)